Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System II
Other languages of instruction: English
Teaching staff
Dr. Albert Pérez i Bellmunt
Introduction
Structure and function of the human body is a fundamental and basic subject containing different branches of knowledge, which are essential to the understanding of the complexity of the body. Its branches, such as macroscopic anatomy, microscopic anatomy and physiology, help us to understand the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system. This course demonstrates to the students a focus on conveying the idea that the human being is a highly complex and unified structural and functional unit.
This course allows us to study a healthy Musculoskeletal System and see how any alteration can break its balance. A good doctor should know Anatomy, Human Physiology and Histology to know what structures there are in order not to harm the patient in any therapeutic act, with the acquired knowledge, students will know how to apply the treatment in the most effective way so to restore the normal function of the injured Musculoskeletal System. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary
Escuchar Leer fonéticamente Diccionario
Pre-course requirements
No prerequisites required
Objectives
Specific objectives of trunk:
- Knowing the different bones that form the skeleton of the trunk.
- Identify and describe the morphological and functional characteristics of the different joints of the trunk.
- Describe and analyze the mechanisms involved in the different movements of the trunk.
- Identify and describe the vessels and nerves of the trunk.
- Identify the body, the different structures that are located in the vertebral column, trunk and abdomen.
- Identify the anatomical details of the radiologic images of the trunk.
- Palpate certain anatomical details of the vertebral column, abdomen and thorax.
- Solve clinical problems from deductions made with the basic knowledge from the anatomy and physiology of the trunk.
Specific objectives of the lower extremities:
- Knowing the different bones that form the skeleton of the lower extremities.
- Identify and describe the morphological and functional characteristics of the different joints of the lower extremities.
- Describe and analyze the mechanisms involved in the different movements of the lower extremities.
- Classify, identify and describe the muscles of the different regions of the lower extremities.
- Identify and describe the vessels and nerves of the lower extremities.
- Identify the body, the different structures that are located at the level of the pelvic girdle, thigh, leg and foot.
- Palpating anatomic details of the lower extremities.
- Solve clinical problems from deductions made with the basic knowledge from the anatomy and physiology of the lower extremities.
- Through imaging techniques, students should be able to indentify structures of the different topographical regions of the lower extremities.
Specific objectives of Physiology:
- Know the muscle contraction mechanisms.
- Differentiate between muscle fiber types, the prevalence in the major muscle groups and the most appropriate work for each muscle.
Listen Read Phonetically Dictionary
Escuchar Leer fonéticamente DiccionarioCompetences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 01 - The ability to analysis and synthesis.
- 06 - To have comprehensive problem-solving skills.
- 07 - Demonstrate decision-making skills.
- 09 - Demonstrate critical thinking skills.
- 10 - Develop autonomous learning skills.
- 20 - Knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, emphasising the dynamic interrelationship between structure and function, in particular of the musculoskeletal, the nervous and the cardiorespiratory systems.
- 21 - Knowledge of the physiological and structural changes that can occur after physiotherapeutic interventions.
- 22 - Knowledge of factors that affect human growth and development throughout the lifespan.
- 28.1 - Capacity for oral and written communication in the native language.
- 40 - Knowledge about, physiological, functional and behavioral changes that occur after physiotherapeutic intervention.
Learning outcomes of the subject
Students:
- Know human embryology.
- Knows the structure (anatomy) of the human body.
- Understand and know the function (physiology) of the human body.
- Know the histology of the human body.
- Relate anatomical and physiological concepts.
- Identify anatomical structures in tests through imaging (radiography, computed axial tomography {CAT scan}, magnetic resonance imaging {MRI}, etc.).
- Identify anatomical structures in cadavers and anatomical models.
- Relate anatomical and physiological concepts to clinical practice.
- Succeed in the anatomical and physiological diagnostic clinical cases.
- Argue and process the anatomical and physiological information students have received.
- Know how to present anatomical and physiological concepts.
- Understand scientific articles on Physiology and Anatomy
Syllabus
PART I. CLINICAL FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY I OF THE FASCIA.
PART II. CLINICAL FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY I OF THE TRUNK
Introduction to the trunk: concept, locations and parts. Joints of the spine: Intersomatic joints, interapofisiàries, occipito- atlantoidea, lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal. Description and biomechanics.
Dorsal muscles of the trunk: Erector muscle of the spine: iliocostal, longíssim and thorns. Spinotraverse muscles: espleni the cap and coll. Spine transverse muscles: multífids, semiespine, rotators. Interspinous muscles. Intertransverse muscles.
Thorax joints: costovertebrals, costotransverses, externocostals, costocondrals and intercondrals. Thorax muscles: intercostals: Internal and external, ribs push up, upper serratus, lower serratus, thorax transversal and subcostal.
Diaphragm Muscles. Respiratory mechanics. Movements of the thorax walls. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
Abdominal muscles: abdominal line, pyramidal, external oblique, internal oblique and abdominal transversal. Square lumbar muscle. Aponeurosis of the inguinal muscles and de abdominal canal.
Arterial, venous, lymphatic of the trunk.
PART II. I FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Introduction to the pelvic waist: concept. Pelvic waist joints: sacre-iliac joints, hip joints. Description and biomechanics.
Pelvic waist muscles (first part): Muscles of the pelvis: iliopsoas and psoas muscles. Muscles of the gluteal region: general concepts and classification.
Pelvic waist muscles (second part): Gluteus maximus, gluteus medious, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obtunatus internus and externus, gemelli, and quadratus femuris.
Introduction to the thigh: concept. Compartments. Joints of the knee: tibiofemoral joint and femuro. Description and biomechanics.
Muscles of the previous compartment of the thigh: sartori, tensor fasciae latae, quadriceps, femoral, and knee joint. Músculs the medial compartiment of Cuixa: pectini, llarg adductor, adductor curt, major adductor, adductor Mínim i gracile.
Muscles of the posterior compartment the thigh: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris and popliteus.
Regional anatomy of the pelvic girdle and thigh: suprapiriform and infrapiriform foramen. Inguinal triangle. Femoral channel.
Introduction to leg: Concept. Interosseous membrane and compartments. Articulations: roximal tibiofibular, and distal, i proximal distal tibiofibular, articulation of the ankle and foot. Description and biomechanics.
Muscles of the previous compartment of the leg: tibialis anterior, extrinsic extensor of the fingers, extrinsic extensor of the first finger and the third peroneus. Muscles of the lateral compartment of the led: Long and short fibularis.
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg: gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus, posterior fibularis and flexor sigitorum of the thumb.
Regional anatomy of the leg and feet. Fossa poplitia. Retinaculum.
Introduction to the foot: Concept. Compartments. Classification of the muscles. Dorsal muscles of the foot: short extensor of the fingers and short extensor curt. Medial plantar muscles: abductor of the thumb, flexor of the thumb. Central plantar muscles: flexor digitorum brevis (cut), lumbricals, plantar and dorsals interosei. Lateral plantar muscles: flexor digiti minimi, oponent and abductor.
Intervention to the lower extremity: Plexe lumbosacre: concept and constitution. Collateral branches
Terminal branches of the lumbar plexus: obturator nerve, femoral nerve.
Terminal branches of the sacre plexus: sciatic nerve.Cutaneous innervation and dermatome.
Arterial, venous and lymphatic vascularization of the lower extremity.Femoral artery, popliteal artery, tibial artery and trunk tibioperoneal. Foot arteries. Superficial venous venous vessels. Lymphatic.
PART III. PHYSIOLOGY
Contraction of the skeletal muscle. Molecular mechanism of the contraction of muscle. Energy origin from the muscle contraction. Mechanic of the skeletal muscle contraction. Special characteristics and anomalies.
Types of muscular tissue. Constitution, function and properties of the muscular tissue. Macroscopic and micros copic structure of the muscle tissue. Motor unit.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
Master class.
Laboratory dissection practice
Laboratory histology practice
Bone library practice
Case Method and PBL
| TRAINING ACTIVITY | METHODOLOGY | COMPETENCES | ECTS CREDITS |
|---|---|---|---|
| self-learning activities practical lectures student's independant work-study tutorials | learning based upon problema-solving cooperative learning apprenticeship contract oral presentation / master class case method problem-solving exercises | 01 06 07 09 10 20 21 22 28.1 40 | 6 ECTS |
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
1ª, 3ª i 5ª convocatòria consisteix en: 20% prova parcial, 25 % prova pràctica, 40% prova final i 15 % avaluació continuada.
Prova parcial.
- Data: mirar planificació.
- Tipus de prova: 30 preguntes tipus test (que inclou imatges, esquemes, disseccions i imatges de proves diagnòstiques).
- Aquesta prova inclourà tota la matèria treballada fins el dia abans (en les classes magistrals, pràctiques de laboratori i mètodes del cas), així com els continguts inclosos a la bibliografia recomanada.
Prova pràctica.
- Data: el darrer dia de pràctiques al laboratori de dissecció.
- Tipus de prova: 10-15 preguntes relacionades amb els continguts pràctics.
- La pregunta incorrecta no resta.
- La persona que no superi aquest examen no supera l'assignatura.
Prova final.
- Data: a determinar per la coordinadora de curs.
- Tipus de prova: 40-60 preguntes tipus test .
- Entra tota la matèria explicada a les classes (teòriques, pràctiques i mètode del cas), així com els continguts inclosos a la bibliografia recomanada.
- És imprescindible superar aquest examen per poder aprovar l’assignatura.
Avaluació continuada: preguntes, treballs i proves realitzades durant les classes (ja siguin de realitzats de manera oral o per escrit).
OBSERVACIONS:
- Cal superar l'examen final i l'examen pràctic per superar la matèria amb una nota igual o superior a 5.
- Per aprovar l'assignatura cal tenir una nota mitja igual o superior a 5.
- La persona que ha aprovat l'examen pràctic i examen final, però la mitja no supera el 5, haurà de presentar-se a la recuperació de l’examen tipus test i aconseguir un millor resultat d’aquest examen per tal que la mitja surti igual o superior a 5.
2ª, 4ª 6 ª convocatòria consisteix en: 25 % prova pràctica, 55% prova final i 20 % avaluació continuada.
- La prova final i la prova pràctica tenen les mateixes característiques que les convocatòries anteriors.
- La nota de l’avaluació continuada és la nota obtinguda durant la convocatòria anterior.
Bibliography and resources
Bibliografia Bàsica
Lorente, Miguel, Pérez y Escalona. Manual de miología. Ed. Masson-Elsevier.
Schünke. Prometheus. Texto y Atlas de Anatomía. Tomo1 Anatomía General y Aparato Locomotor. Ed. Panamericana.
Tortora - Derrickson. Principios de Anatomía y fisiología (11ª edición). Editorial Panamericana. 2006.
Moore K.L.: Anatomía con orientación clínica. Editorial Panamericana. 1996.
Alan Stevens y James Lowe. HISTOLOGÍA HUMANA (3ª edición). Ed. Elsevier. 2006.
A.L. Kierszenbaum. Histología y Biología celular (2ª edición). Ed. Elsevier. 2008.
Welsch. Sobotta Histología (2ª ed). Ed. Panamericana. 2009.
Bibliografia Complementària
Rouvière H. Anatomía Humana. Editorial Masson.1988.
F.Netter. Atlas de anatomía humana. Ed.MassonSobotta. Atlas de anatomía humana. Ed.Panamericana
Evaluation period
- E1 05/06/2025 L4A 10:00h
- E1 05/06/2025 A19 08:00h
- E1 05/06/2025 A20 08:00h
- E2 27/06/2025 L4A 10:00h
- E2 27/06/2025 A15 08:00h
- E2 27/06/2025 A16 08:00h