Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Building Mechanics and Facilities II
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
Teaching staff
Introduction
PROFESSOR RESPONSIBLE: Víctor Echarri Iribarren
PROFESSORS: Cristian Fernández Sedas, Pedro Casariego, Jordi Roviras
The subject to be developed in the subject of Installations II (08098) should be understood as a continuation of the previous subjects: ‘Physics’ and ‘Installations I’. The contents of this subject are linked to the climatic and energy aspects of architecture. The search for the hygrothermal comfort of architectural spaces, depending on the activities that people are going to carry out in them, as well as the quality of the indoor air, the absence of surface and interstitial condensation, etc., requires specific technical knowledge, as well as the regulations governing these aspects. Passive air conditioning systems, as well as bioclimatic design and the use of alternative energies are basic to this subject. Knowledge and design skills are required so that the future architect can draw up architectural projects in which passive systems and installations are integrated towards sustainable architecture.
Installations 2 also includes fire protection and lighting installations, all of which are decisive in the development of the architectural project.
Pre-course requirements
It is necessary to have taken and passed the subjects English I and Installations I.
It is also necessary to be enrolled in the subject Structures III in order to participate in the UIC-NATURGY competition.
Attendance to the theoretical classes is not required, but attendance to the practical classes is required. A roll call will be taken in these last Workshop classes, and it will be necessary to have attended all 5 sessions for 100% of the class time.
It is recommended to attend class with the previous notes read and studied, as well as with the necessary material to work with.
Objectives
0. To help the student to understand the fundamental physical concepts that determine environmental comfort, as well as the interrelation of the different installations necessary to achieve it within the building.
1. Aptitude for the design of schemes of principle of installations in building construction.
2. Integration of the installations in the Architectural Design process. Drafting of Execution Projects of air-conditioning installations with pre-dimensioning.
3. Knowledge of the current regulations governing the design and execution of installations.
4. Ability to foresee architectural spaces that house the equipment, machinery and piping of the installations. Aptitude for innovation in the constructive resolution of the installations and their integration in the exterior and interior of architectural spaces.
5. Passive Environmental Conditioning Project. Air Conditioning Installations Project. Project for Underfloor Heating Installations and convective systems. Knowledge of criteria for sustainable building development in harmony with the environment.
6. Integration of Bioclimatic, Sustainable and Energy Efficiency techniques in the Architectural Project.
7. Ability to create fire-safe architectural projects that also comply with current regulations (CTE DB-SI).
8. Basic knowledge of the parameters necessary to carry out a good lighting project in architecture.
9. To train students to work as part of a team.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 09 - To acquire adequate knowledge and apply it to the principles of fluid mechanics, hydraulics, electricity and electromagnetism in architecture and urban planning.
- 16-T - Ability to conceive, calculate, design, integrate in buildings and urban complexes and execute installations for the supply, treatment and evacuation of water, central heating and air-conditioning systems.
- 17 - Ability to apply building and technical standards
- 20 - Ability to evaluate works
- 22 - Ability to plan building and urban installations for the transformation and supply of electricity, telecommunications systems, acoustic conditioning systems and artificial lighting.
- 23 - Ability to preserve installations.
- 34-T - Ability to design, practice and develop basic and execution projects, sketches and blueprints.
- 36-T - Ability to plan, practice and develop construction management.
- 41-T - Ability to find solutions for passive environmental conditioning, including thermal and acoustic insulation, climate control, energy performance and natural lighting.
- 47-T - Ability to prepare environmental and landscaping surveys and plans to correct environmental impacts.
- 52 - To acquire adequate knowlege of the environment, sustainability and the principles of conserving energy and environmental resources.
- 61 - To acquire knowledge of feasibility analysis, supervision and coordination of integrated projects.
- 63 - Ability to conceive, put into practice and develop architectural and urban planning projects adapting with new times.
- 73 - To acquire adequate knowledge of research, experimentation and innovation in architecture.
- 74 - To acquire adequate knowledge of new architectural concepts and practices.
Learning outcomes of the subject
-Design the architectural project taking into account the integration of installations and the regulations governing them.
-Guarantee the conditions of hygrothermal comfort, fire safety and lighting of the buildings.
-Pre-dimension the corresponding installations according to the use of the building.
-Integrate and manage the various technical projects in the architectural project.
Ability to analyse the annual energy consumption due to the air-conditioning of buildings.
-Raise awareness of the importance of recycling and reuse of CDW products and thus preserve the environment.
Syllabus
THEMATIC BLOCKS
Bioclimatic Conditioning Techniques. Passive Conditioning Systems. Air Conditioning Installations. Air conditioning installations by radiant surfaces. Energy efficiency and sustainable building.
CONTENTS
TOPIC 1
BASIC CONCEPTS
Temperature and dry thermometer - 1.2. Wet temperature or wet bulb - 1.3. Psychometric difference - 1.4. Comfort zone - 1.5. Dew Temperature - 1.6. Vapour pressure - 1.7. Saturation pressure - 1.8. Condensation - 1.9. Absolute Humidity - 1.10. Relative Humidity - 1.11. Specific Humidity - 1.11. 1.12. Conduction - 1.13. Convection - 1.14. Radiation - 1.15. Sensible heat - 1.16. Latent heat - 1.17. Total heat or enthalpy - 1.18. Specific volume - 1.19. Psychometric abacus - 1.20. Winter-only, summer-only and year-round systems - 1.21. Degrees/day. 1.21. Degrees/day and climatic zones - 1.22. Form factor of a building 1.23. Calculation of the overall thermal transmittance coefficient U and its justification sheet - 1.24. Thermal inertia.
THEME 2
INDOOR COMFORT REQUIREMENTS. REGULATION OF THERMAL INSTALLATIONS IN BUILDINGS
2.1. Maximum and minimum indoor temperatures - 2.2. Ventilation requirements - 2.3. Permeability of joinery - 2.4. Condensation -2.5. Energy saving and efficiency - 2.6. Safety of the installation - 2.7. Requirements of the Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings (RITE).
THEME 3
BIOCLIMATIC CONDITIONING TECHNIQUES
3.1. Greenhouse effect. 3.2. Trombe wall. Applications. Solutions with different materials and geographical areas. 3.3. Evaporative cooling systems. Applications. 3.4. Solar protection systems in glazing. 3.5. Application of the stack effect for air-conditioning. 3.6. Canadian well systems. 3.7. Solutions using ceramic materials.
TOPIC 4
PASSIVE CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
4.1. Solar radiation. 4.2. Solar collectors. 4.3. Energy storage systems. 4.4. Control of natural cross ventilation. Air velocity. 4.5. Orientation of glazing. 4.6. Use of plant masses. Evaporative cooling. 4.7. Thermal inertia: energy storage project and night-time conditioning in winter. 4.8. Solar radiation protection. 4.8. Control of natural lighting.
THEME 5
FUNDAMENTALS OF REFRIGERATION
5.1. Energy equations - 5.2. Refrigerant fluids - 5.3. Compressors - 5.4. Condensers - 5.5. Evaporators - 5.6. Expansion valve - 5.7. Pressure switch - 5.8. Process reversal and heat pump - 5.9. 5.9. Pressure switch - 5.8. Process reversal and heat pump - 5.9. 5.11. Fibreglass and galvanised sheet steel ducts - 5.12. Rectangular and circular cross-sections - 5.13. Grilles - 5.14. Diffusers - 5.15. Dampers - 5.16. Integration with lighting equipment. 5.17. Coils - 5.18. Piping - 5.19. Insulating shells - 5.20. Gate valves - 5.21. Regulating valves - 5.22. Three-way valves - 5.23. Automatic steam traps - 5.24. Throttle pumps - 5.25. Exhaust fans and exhaust cabinets - 5.26. Axial and centrifugal systems 5.27. Scrubbing - 5.28. Particulate and bactericidal filters - 5.29. Humidifiers or humidifiers - 5.30. Dehumidifiers - 5.31. Electric heater coils - 5.32. Probes - 5.33. Programmable thermostats - 5.34. Control units
THEME 6
THE HEAT PUMP
6.1. Description of its operation - 6.2. Compressor - 6.3. Indoor and outdoor coils - 6.4. Expansion valve - 6.5. Four-way valve - 6.6. Package performance and the C.O.P. concept - 6.7. Air-to-air and air-to-water systems - 6.8. The problem of defrosting and support resistances - 6.9. Water-to-air and water-to-water type systems - 6.10. Ground-to-water type systems - 6.11. Reversible single system 6.11. Individual reversible system with compact air handling equipment - 6.12. Individual system for DHW production or heat recovery - 6.13. Centralised system for air-conditioning or heating with support from other energy - 6.14. Centralised system for DHW production with support from other energy.
TOPIC 7
CENTRALISED SYSTEMS
7.1. Direct expansion refrigeration - 7.2. Water-cooled condensers - 7.3. Air-cooled condensers - 7.4. Fan convectors or fan coils - 7.5. Air conditioners - 7.6. 7.6. Air-cooled or water-cooled water chillers - 7.7. Cooling towers - 7.8. Thermal units. Boilers - 7.9. 7.10. Induction systems - 7.11. Variable volume systems - 7.12. Two-pipe and four-pipe ducting 7.13. 7.14. Ductwork layout - 7.14. Machine rooms - 7.15. Chimneys and external louvres - 7.16. External units - 7.17. Installation power calculation - 7.18. - 7.18. Calculation of duct sections of fibreglass or galvanised steel sheet ducts - 7.19. - 7.19. Design and power calculation of the fan coil installation. - 7.20. Calculation of sections of general black steel and PPR distribution pipes. - 7.21. Design of the VRV installation. Applications. - 7.22. Design of VRV installations with recovery. Applications against simultaneous thermal inversion of buildings.
TOPIC 8
INDIVIDUAL SYSTEMS
8.1. Stand-alone air or water-cooled condensing units - 8.2. Console air- or water-cooled condensing units - 8.3. Horizontal and vertical air- or water-cooled condensing compacts - 8.4. 8.4. Air-cooled condensing rooftop compacts - 8.5. Remote split system and air-cooled condensing units - 8.6. Split system with water-cooled condensing unit - 8.7. - 8.7. Calculation of the power of the installation - 8.8. - 8.8. Calculation of duct sections of fibreglass or galvanised sheet steel ducts. - 8.9. Design of installation in dwelling, based on individual condenser on the roof of the block of flats building, evaporator in false ceiling in bathroom, and distribution by ducts. - 8.10. Dimensioning.
TOPIC 9
HEATING INSTALLATIONS
9.1. Fuel tanks for gas oils and liquefied petroleum gases - 9.2. Pressure or pumping groups - 9.3. Boilers for individual systems: natural gas, city, L.P.G., diesel and electric by accumulation - 9.4. Gas and liquid burners - 9.5. Requirements of the Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings (RITE) - 9.6. Expansion vessels - 9.7. Accelerator pumps or circulators -9.8. Black steel, extra-sweet, copper and polybutylene pipes - 9.9. Insulating shells - 9.10. 9.11. Safety relief valves - 9.12. Sensors, thermostats and electronic control units - 9.13. Calorie meters - 9.14. Calorie meters 9.14. Cast-iron, sheet metal and aluminium radiators - 9.15. Manual and automatic steam traps - 9.16. Cocks and lockshield valves - 9.17. Thermostatic valves - 9.18. 9.18. Four-way single-pipe valves. 9.19. Individual gravity and pump systems - 9.2. Two-pipe or single-pipe - 9.3. Collective system with one or more uprights - 9.20. Boiler room - 9.21. Fuel storage room - 9.22. Conditions imposed by the new Regulation on Thermal Installations in Buildings (RITE) - 9.23. Symbologies, floor plans and diagrams - 9.24. 9.24. Calculation of the power of the installation - 9.25. - 9.25. Calculation of copper or black steel distribution pipe sections.
TOPIC 10
RADIANT SURFACE AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
10.1. Underfloor heating by means of hot water through thick pipe. 10.2. Surface temperature control systems. 10.3. Use of alternative energies for the production of hot water for secondary distribution 10.4. 10.4. Underfloor radiant cooling, large pipe. 10.5. System dehumidification and control of surface condensation. 10.6. Radiant surface air-conditioning systems using polypropylene capillary tube. 10.7. two-pipe, three-pipe and four-pipe principle diagrams. 10.8. Use of alternative energies in the primary: geothermal, solar cooling by lithium chloride and lithium bromide, absorption systems, etc. - 10.9. PPR capillary weave chilled ceilings systems. - 10.10. Design of ceramic thermal panels in ceiling, wall and floor, based on PPR capillary wefts. Application and energy savings.
PRACTICAL CLASSES
GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY ARCHITECTURE PROJECT OR ENERGY REHABILITATION PROJECT
During the period of practical classes, students will work in teams to develop a project of Healthy Architecture in harmony with the environment, or Energy Rehabilitation, applying passive conditioning techniques such as trombe walls, Canadian wells, chimney effects, greenhouse effects, etc. It will be a project that guarantees hygrothermal comfort in all phases of the year, demonstrating significant energy savings, mainly by reducing annual energy demand. Air-conditioning installations must be integrated, whether they are all-air systems, fan-coils, VRV or radiant surfaces with thick tube or capillary tube.
FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION
CONTENTS
Thematic Block 2 FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
SUBJECT 11 - BASIC CONCEPTS AND REGULATIONS
1.1. The fire triangle - 1.2. Types of fires - 1.3. Combustibility of materials - 1.4. Fireproof treatments - 1.5. Fire resistance of building elements - 1.6. - 1.6. Fire sectors - 1.7. independent vestibules - 1.8. escape routes - 1.9. Fire protection elements - 1.10. CTE-SI-06 - 1.11. Technical Rules CEPREVEN - NTE IPF - 1.12. Local town planning regulations.
SUBJECT 12 - FIRE EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATIONS
2.1. Fire hydrants. Equipment, pressures, flow rates and location - 2.2. Dry standpipe. Sections - 2.3. Mobile extinguishers. Types of extinguishing agent and locations - 2.4. Fire hydrants - 2.5. - 2.5 Sprinklers - Components, piping and locations - 2.6. Components, piping and locations - 2.6. Dust extinguishing - 2.7. Halogenated hydrocarbons. Individual and centralised systems - 2.8. Carbon dioxide equipment.
SUBJECT 13 - DETECTION, ALARM AND EMERGENCY INSTALLATIONS - 3.1.
3.1. detectors and control equipment - 3.2. push buttons - 3.3. warning installation - 3.4. public address installation - 3.5. emergency lighting - 3.6. Signalling - 3.7. Ventilation of independence lobbies - 3.8. 3.8. Specific problems of the residential building with garage - 3.9. Symbology in use - 3.10. Graphic plans - 3.11. Graphic diagrams - 3.12. Maintenance and use of the installation.
LIGHTING
Thematic Block 3 LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
TOPIC 14 - NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SOURCES
13.1. Natural light source: Solar radiation - 13.2. Infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation - 13.3. Artificial light sources: Incandescence and luminescence - 13.4. Gaseous combustion - 13.6. Electric lamps - 13.7. 13.7. Incandescent lamps - 13.8. Fluorescent lamps - 13.9. High-pressure mercury vapour lamps - 13.10. Mixed light lamp - 13.11. Metal halide lamps - 13.12. High pressure sodium vapour lamp - 13.13. Low pressure sodium vapour lamp - 13.14. White sodium lamp - 13.14. White sodium lamp - 13.15. Special discharge lamps 13.16. LED lamps 13.17. Induction light radiation. Physical components and classifications - 13.17. Performance of a luminaire - 13.18. Protection ratings - 13.19. Integrated lighting systems - 13.20. Automation of lighting control - 13.19. Integrated lighting systems - 13.20. Automation of lighting control.
TOPIC 15 - LIGHTING CRITERIA
14.1. Basic criteria for lighting design - 14.2. Limiting direct glare - 14.3. Limitation of reflected glare - 14.5. Specialisation of lighting - 14.6. Quality of light - 14.7. Installation performance - 14.8. 14.8. Sequential design process - 14.9.
TOPIC 16 - CALCULATION METHODS
15.1. Indoor lighting calculations - 15.2. DIN/LITG or Degree of Efficiency method - 15.3. U.T.E. method of L'Union Technique de L'Electricité - 15.4. Other general methods - 15.5. 15.6. Software available on the market - 15.7. Calculation process for standard illuminances - 15.8. Other applications of the software in singular cases - 15.10.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
The course is theoretical-practical. The thematic blocks of theoretical classes are developed, during weeks 1 to 5, with sessions accompanied by exercises and guided practices during the exhibition.
The practical sessions are organised into workshop sessions in which the student develops a work 01 and an individual project within the UIC-NATURGY agreement. The project of Architecture in Harmony with the Environment, or Energy Rehabilitation of Buildings, focuses on the design and integration of air conditioning installations. This work is carried out in groups of two or three students. Within the workshop, theoretical knowledge about air conditioning, air-conditioning and radiant heating and cooling systems is presented.
The work of the UIC-NATURGY agreement is carried out individually or in groups of 2 students. It will have a total duration of 2 semesters. During the first semester it is carried out within the practical workshop of this subject (Installations II), and in the second semester during the subject Structures III.
The main teaching of the subject is of the workshop type. In the event of impossibility of attendance, and therefore, a change to dual or mixed teaching, ‘No Presencial’, will act as established by the authorities of the University. This is based on corrections and tutorials, which may be carried out in a non face-to-face manner through virtual tutorials and e-mail with the two lecturers of the subject. Students will be permanently informed through the UIC Intranet about how they have to deal with the teaching of the subject and the tutorials of the practical work. They will also be informed about how the evaluation system will be adapted to the circumstances in which we find ourselves.
The table of classroom activities is specified below:
| TRAINING ACTIVITY | COMPETENCES | ECTS CREDITS |
|---|---|---|
| Class exhibition | 16-T 17 22 23 | 1,15 |
| Class participation | 15-T 16-T 22 23 | 0,1 |
| Clase practice | 16-T 17 22 23 | 0,5 |
| Tutorials | 16-T 17 22 23 | 0,75 |
| Individual or group study | 16-T 17 22 23 | 2,5 |
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
The evaluation is based on three concepts:
1. Continuous individual assessment based on practical work carried out in the workshop.
2. Individual practice or in groups of 2 evaluated, of the UIC-NATURGY agreement.
3. Final theoretical exam.
At the end of the course the student has an average of all the practical exercises, partial deliveries, and a mark for the theoretical exam.
The final mark is obtained by taking the weighted average between 60% of the average of the practical part and 40% of the mark of the theory exam.
To pass the course it is necessary to have completed the individual or group work of 2 UIC-NATURGY, the practical work of the course T01, the practical work in class in weeks 10 to 15 of the course (practical work), and the final exam, which will deal with the theoretical contents exposed in the theoretical classes and the practical work. The overall mark for all these tests must be at least 5 points out of 10, or 50% of the total, taking into account the following maximum evaluation percentages:
Scorable Practical Work of the UIC-NATURGY agreement 10 %.
Practical Work T01 on Climatization + 3 partial deliveries 50 %.
Final Examination 40 %.
Each delivery or test requested to the students will be subject to evaluation (according to UIC regulations), so that this will be the summary table of grades:
|
Test subject to evaluation |
% MARK |
|
|
Scorable Practice of the UIC-NATURGY agreement |
10 % |
|
|
Partial delivery 01 or correction 01 |
5 % |
|
|
Partial delivery 02 or correction 02 |
5 % |
|
|
Partial delivery 03 or correction 03 |
5 % |
|
|
Practical work T01 on Air Conditioning |
35 % |
|
|
Average of the practical work |
50 % |
|
|
Final Examination |
40 % |
|
|
100 % |
Bibliography and resources
Normativa correspondiente como CTE, RITE, CTE DB-SI y otros
Catálogos de fabricantes
Programas informáticos específicos
1 LIBRO
Abecé de las instalaciones de aire
González Lezcano, Roberto Alonso, autor
Madrid: Munilla-Lería, 2021
2 LIBRO
Principios de climatización
Fernández García, Francisco Javier
Oviedo: Ediciones de la Universidad de Oviedo, 2020
3 LIBRO
Prevención y seguridad en el montaje mecánico e hidráulico de instalaciones solares térmicas
Antúnez Soria, Francisco Martín, autor
Innovación y Cualificación, S.L., autor
Antequera (Málaga): IC Editorial, D.L. 2023
4 LIBRO
Montaje eléctrico de instalaciones solares térmicas
Linares González, Virginia, autor
Innovación y Cualificación, S.L., autor
Antequera (Málaga): IC Editorial, D.L. 2023
5 LIBRO
Reglamento de instalaciones térmicas en los edificios (RITE)
Madrid: Paraninfo, 2021
6 LIBRO
Climatización de edificios
Fumadó Alsina, Juan Luis
Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal, 1996
7 LIBRO
Instalaciones de climatización en la arquitectura: estado actual y últimas investigaciones
Feijó Muñoz, Jesús
Universidad de Valladolid. Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial
Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Castilla y León Este. Demarcación de Valladolid
[Valladolid]: Secretariado de Publicaciones e Intercambio Editorial, Universidad de Valladolid Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos en Valladolid, D.L. 2000