Dr Ignasi de Bofarull published an article third quartile in the Revista Española de Pedagogía (REP). His article entitled “Carácter y hábitos para el aprendizaje: definición y proyecto de medición” analyses the influence that students’ characters, habits and attitude have in relation to teaching and learning processes.  

As the article describes, traditional intelligence (intelligence quotient, IQ) places an emphasis on analytical comprehension in one fleeting moment.  Whereas character-based intelligence underlines the processes that shape intellectual work.  This begins in the classroom and ends in home study plans.  

In conclusion, the article points out that “universities, schools and educational agents must think of a new comprehensive educational model for their students based on this meeting point between character-based and traditional intelligence. Failure at school and school drop-out are caused by academic factors, but also family and personal factors.