Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Occlusion
Other languages of instruction: Catalan, English
If the student is enrolled for the English track then classes for that subject will be taught in the same language.
Teaching staff
Wednesdays at 15 hours. It should make an appointment. (cabratosa@uic.es)
Introduction
Occlusion is a broad subject, intimately interconnected with other disciplines of the degree in which students must gradually acquire a set of theoretical knowledge, practical skills and experience sufficient to make them effective. The main purpose of the course is to provide occlusion of the student sufficient knowledge to preserve the masticatory system. This is only achievable through a proper understanding of its various components and their function.
Pre-course requirements
Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the masticatory system.
Objectives
To expose and capacity students to carry out activities related to the diagnosis and treatment in occlusion.
Competences/Learning outcomes of the degree programme
- 33 - Knowing the morphology and function of the stomatognathic apparatus, including material on embriology, anatomy, histology and specific physiology
- 65 - Diagnosing, planning and undertaking, at a general level, multidisciplinary, sequential and integrated treatment of limited complexity for patients of all ages and conditions and patients with special needs (diabetes, hypertension, oncological diseases, transplants, immune-depression, anti-clotting, etc.) or disabilities. Specifically the dentist should be competent in establishing a diagnosis, a prognosis and developing a suitable treatment plan, particularly in terms of orofacial pain, temporo-mandibular disorders, bruxism and other parafunctions; dental and periapical pathology; oral and dental trauma; periodontal and peri-implanted tissue pathologies; pathology of the mandibular bone, of soft oral tissue and annex glands; states of partial or total edentation and planning rehabilitation treatment via dento-muco supported prostheses, or dental impants, dental malpositions or malocculusions and other anatomical or functional alterations of the face or the stomatognathic system and their potential orthodontic, orthopaedic or surgical corrections
- 67 - Creating diagnostic models, setting them up and taking inter-occlusal registrations
- 70 - Evaluating motor and sensory oral, mandibular and annex function
- 88 - To undertake non-surgical treatment for temporo-mandibular disorders and oro-facial pain
- 90 - To identify and correct oral habits that are susceptible to causing or exacerbating malocclusions
Learning outcomes of the subject
At the end of matter the students are going to:
- Know the concept of occlusion.
- Identify the components of the masticatory system and know how to make up a system.
- Define the terms: physiological occlusion, pathological occlusion and ideal occlusion
- Define the terms: good occlusion and malocclusion.
- Characterize static and dynamic occlusion.
- Nomenclature and terminology of jaw movements: side work and not-working or balancing side, and anterior and posterior teeth.
- Know the mechanics of jaw movement.
- Know the structures that determine the mandibular movements. Understanding the limits and function of mandibular movements analysed in the three planes of space.
- Know and locate in the three planes the mandibular positions: centric relation (CR) position, intercuspidal contact position (ICP), retruded contact position (RCP) and clinical rest position (CRP).
- Identify the angle of the condylar guide and Bennett’s angle and their usefulness.
- Know of Bennett’s movement and dependent factors.
- Understand the model of Posselt’s envelope of movement.
- Know the concept and anatomical and geometric description of centric relation.
- Understand the clinical significance of the centric relation.
- Understand and execute different methods for achieving centric relation.
- Understand the clinical methods for verifying the centric relation.
- Conceptualize the vertical dimension of the rest position (VDR).
- Conceptualize the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO).
- Conceptualize the free interocclusal clearance (FIC).
- Know the factors that determine the position of the teeth.
- Conceptualize of neutral zone.
- Appraise the inter-arcade dental alignment.
- Appraise the occlusal contacts in intercuspal contact position (ICP).
- Appraise the occlusal contacts in retruded contact position (RCP).
- Understand and appreciate the sliding between the retruded contact position and intercuspal contact position.
- Conceptualize and appraise premature contacts.
- Know the anterior and posterior occlusal controlling factors.
- Know the importance of the anterior guide.
- Conceptualize and appraise occlusal interferences.
- Conceptualize the articulator.
- Understand the utility of articulators.
- Know how to handle the articulator
- Know the different types of articulator.
- Understand and implement the technique for making a craniomaxillary record with the face bow transfer procedure.
- Understand and implement the technique for making an inter-maxillary record in centric relation (CR).
- Understand and implement a technique for taking up inter-maxillary records for eccentric jaw positions.
- Adjust the articulator according to intermaxillary records.
- Know the limitations of using average values.
- Define the objectives of the clinical examination of occlusions.
- Understand and implement the methodology for clinical examination of occlusions.
- Understand and implement the methodology for analyse the occlusion at the articulator.
- Know the existing types of occlusal therapy.
- Understand the determining factors of occlusal morphology.
- Know these factors and which of them are fixed.
- Understand the effect of different factors determining the occlusal morphology
- Know the objectives of the occlusal adjustment.
- Define the indications for occlusal adjustment.
- Know and implement the occlusal adjustment technique.
Syllabus
MASTER LECTURES
Topic 1. Occlusion and the masticatory system
What do we mean by occlusion?
What is the masticatory system?
What components make up the masticatory system and do they constitute a system?
What is meant by physiological occlusion, non-physiological occlusion and therapeutic occlusion? (Ideal or optimal functional occlusion.)
What is static occlusion and what is dynamic occlusion?
Which are the different movements of the jaw?
What do we mean by the terms: side work and non-working and anterior and posterior teeth?
Topic 2. Mandibular movements and positions
2.1. Mandibular movements and positions
What is the mechanism that governs the mandibular movement?
What determines the movement mandibular structures?
What are the limits and functional movements of the jaw in the three planes of space?
What is the position of mandibular centric relation (CR)?
What is the intercuspal position (ICP)?
What is the position of the retruded contact position RCP)?
What is the mandibular clinical rest position (CRP)?
What is the vertical dimension of rest (DVR)?
What is the vertical dimension of occlusion (DVO)?
What is the free interocclusal space (FIS)?
What is the angle of the condylar guide? What is it used for?
What is Bennett’s angle? What is your income?
What is Bennett’s movement? What are its determining factors?
What does the Posselt’s bicuspal model show?
2.2. Centric relation
What is the centric relation?
What is the clinical significance of the centric relation?
What methods have been described for obtaining the centric relation?
What clinical methods are indicated to verify the centric relation obtained?
Topic 3. Utility and use of the articulator
3.1. Articulators
What is an articulator?
What uses does an articulator have?
What are the existing types of brokers and how do we classify them?
What are the limitations and advantages of articulators in diagnosis and in therapeutic occlusion?
3.2. Using the articulator
How do we take a craniomaxillary record with the face bow?
How do we take a intermaxillary record of the intercuspation position (ICP)?
How do we take a intermaxillary record of the centric relation (CR)?
How do we register intermaxillary eccentric positions of the jaw?
How do we mount the models on the basis of the intermaxillary and craniomaxillary records previously taken?
What are the limitations of using average values in assembling and programming models of the articulator?
Topic 4. Dental alignment and dynamic static occlusion
4.1. Interarch tooth alignment
What factors and forces determine the position of the teeth?
What is the occlusal plane?
What is the curve of Spee?
What is the curve of Wilson?
What supports are named cusps or core?
What guides are named cusps or central?
What are interdental relations buccolingual back teeth?
What are interdental relations dental mesiodistal?
What are their anterior interdental relationships?
What is Angle’s classification?
4.2. Static and dynamic occlusion
What tooth contacts occur in the intercuspal position (ICP)?
What tooth contacts occur in the retruded contact position (RCP)?
Can a slip back occur to RCP from ICP? How is this evaluated?
What is occlusal prematurity?
What factors control the above mentioned mandibular movement?
Do the above mentioned factors control mandibular movement?
What is condylar guidance?
What are the occlusal contact patterns of protrusion during mandibular movement?
What are the occlusal contact patterns of laterotrusion mandibular movement?
What is an occlusal interference?
What are the occlusal contacts in the mandibular movement of retrusion?
Topic 5. Ideal occlusion
Why is it important to have a therapeutic occlusion (ideal or optimal functional occlusion)?
What are the criteria for the joint for therapeutic or ideal occlusion?
What are the criteria for tooth contact for therapeutic or ideal occlusion?
What joint and dental muscle conditions are required to reach a therapeutic or ideal occlusion?
What is the occlusal contact pattern to gnathologic School and Freedom in centric in ideal occlusion or therapeutic?
Topic 6. Occlusal analyse
6.1. Clinical examination of occlusion
What are the objectives of the clinical examination of occlusions?
What is the methodology for clinical occlusal examination?
6.2. Analysis of occlusion on the articulator
What are the objectives of occlusion on the articulator analysis?
What is the methodology for analysing occlusion on the articulator?
Topic 7. Occlusive therapy
7.1. Introduction to occlusive therapy
What do we mean by occlusive therapy?
What are the types of occlusive therapy?
What are the generic indications of the different types of occlusive therapy?
7.2. Morphology determining occlusion
What factors determine the occlusal morphology?
Which of these factors are likely to be modified and which are not?
What factors determine the height of the peak? How do they determine the height of the peak?
What factors determine the position and direction of the slopes and grooves on the occlusal surfaces? How do they determine the height of the peak?
7.3. Selective occlusal adjustment
What is occlusal adjustment?
What are the indications of occlusive adjustment?
What is the technique of occlusal adjustment and which are the steps?
SEMINAR AND PRECLINICAL PRACTICAL SESSIONS
1. Impression, casting and preparation of a lower model (P1)
2. Impressions, casting and preparation of an upper and lower cast (P2)
3. Review and recapitulation P 1 and 2.
4. Mandibular exploration and manipulation to obtain CR (P3)
5. Anterior deprogrammer (P4)
6. Intermaxillary registration (P5)
7. Review and recapitulation P 3, 4 and 5.
8. Craniomaxillary record. (Q6)
9. Mounting of models in the articulator (UPPER MODEL) (P7)
10. Mounting of models in the articulator (LOWER MODEL IN CR and PIC) (P8)
11. Programming of the articulator (CG, AB) (P9)
12. Review and recapitulation P 6, 7, 8 and 9.
13. Occlusal examination and clinical analysis (P10)
14. Occlusal analysis in the articulator (P11)
15. Review and recapitulation P 10 and 11.
Teaching and learning activities
In person
Master lectures, seminars and preclinical practice.
Evaluation systems and criteria
In person
1) - EVALUATION OF THEORY
- FINAL EXAMINATION
Multiple choice test of 50 questions with 4 answers, with only one correct answer. Each correct answer will add 0,2 points, the incorrect answers will subtract 0.066 points and the non-answer will not count.
It will be valued with a grade range from 0 to 10.
2) -EVALUATION OF CLINICAL PRACTICES:
The evaluation of the practices will be carried out continuously through different evaluations.
- PRE-PRACTICE TESTS
In each practical session (except for the 4 dedicated to review-recapitulation) an evaluation will be carried out by means of a test of 5 questions with 4 answers on the content of the explanatory video of the practice to be carried out and that have been done in previous seminars. Each correct answer will count 2 points, the incorrect answer will subtract 0.66 and the no answer will not count.
This evaluation will be face-to-face and will be carried out prior to the practice.
It will not be repeated, nor recoverable. Its non-performance will be counted as 0, in the event that there is no justification for force majeure.
-EVALUATIONS OF THE WORK PERFORMED
There will be 4 evaluations of the work done during the semester.
The assessment will consist of several items (variable according to assessment). The assessment will be made with a grade range from 0 to 10.
The FINAL NOTE will be according to the following percentages:
- Theoric exam ............................................... 45%
- Clinical practices .......................................... 55% (10% Pre-practice tests, 45% evaluations of the work done).
To pass the subject it is necessary to have passed the theory and the practices separately. Once passed individually, the percentages mentioned will apply.
Bibliography and resources
Okeson, J.P. Oclusión y afecciones temporomandibulares. St. Louis. 2003. Mosby.
Alonso, AA; Albertini, JS; Bechelli, AH. Oclusión y diagnóstico en rehabilitación oral. Buenos Aires.1999. Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Ash,M; Ramfjord, S. Oclusion. México. 1995. McGraw-Hill interamericana.
McNeill, Ch. Science and Practice of Occlusion. Chicago. 1997.Quintessence Books.
Gross, M.D. La oclusión en odontología restauradora. Técnica y teoria. Barcelona. 1986. Editorial Labor.
Solnit, A; Curnutte, DC. Occlusal Correction. Chicago. 1988. Quintessence books.
Dawson, P.E. Evaluación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de los problemas oclusales. Barcelona. 1991. Salvat editores.
Howat, A.P; Capp, N.J; Barrett, N.V.J. Oclusión y maloclusión. Londres. 1992. Mosby/Doyma Libros.
Espinosa de la Sierra, R. Diagnóstico práctico de oclusión. México. 1995. Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Guichet, NF. Oclussion. Anaheim,1970. Denar Corporation.
Lauritzen, AG. Atlas de Anàlisis Oclusal. Madrid. 1977. Martinez de Murguía Editores.
Evaluation period
- E1 28/05/2025 A02 08:00h
- E1 28/05/2025 A01 08:00h
- E1 28/05/2025 A03 08:00h
- R1 04/06/2025 A03 10:30h